A belt is a looped strip of flexible material used to mechanically link two or more rotating shafts. A belt drive offers smooth transmission of power between shafts at considerable distance. Belt drives are used as source of motion to transfer to efficiently transmit power or to track relative movement.
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Types of Belt Drives:
In a two pulley system, depending upon direction the belt drives the pulley, the belt drives are divided into two types. They are open belt drive and crossed belt drive. The two types of belt drives are discussed below in brief.
Open belt drives :
Crossed belt drives :
A crossed belt drive is used to rotate driven pulley in the opposite direction of driving pulley. Higher the value of wrap enables more power can be transmitted than an open belt drive. However, bending and wear of the belt are important concerns.
Advantages of belt drives :
- Belt drives are simple are economical.
- They don't require Parallel shafts.
- Belts drives are provided with overload and jam protection.
- Noise and vibration are damped out. Machinery life is increased because load fluctuations are shock-absorbed.
- They are lubrication-free. They require less maintenance cost.
- Belt drives are highly efficient in use (up to 98%, usually 95%).
- They are very economical, when distance between shafts is very large.
Disadvantages of belt drives :
- In Belt drives, angular velocity ratio is not necessarily constant or equal to the ratio of pulley diameters, because of slipping and stretching.
- Heat buildup occurs. Speed is limited to usually 35 meters per second. Power transmission is limited to 370 kilowatts.
- Operating temperatures are usually restricted to –35 to 85°C.
- Some adjustment of center distance or use of an idler pulley is necessary for wearing and stretching of belt drive compensation.
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